Unlike iOS, which imposes a uniform superellipse mask across all devices, Android OEM manufacturers (Samsung One UI, Google Pixel launcher, Xiaomi MIUI) each use their own distinctive icon shapes.
The 2-Layer Adaptive Architecture
To solve shape fragmentation, Android introduced Adaptive Icons. An adaptive icon consists of two distinct 108x108 dp layers rendered together: a background layer and a foreground layer.
The OEM launcher clips both layers using its own proprietary mask (circle on Pixel, squircle on Galaxy, rounded rect on Motorola).
The 66% Inner Safe Zone Rule
Because masks vary widely, the outer 18 dp perimeter of the 108 dp canvas is reserved for dynamic parallax and momentum bounce effects.
All vital logos, brand marks, and typography MUST be constrained inside the inner 72x72 dp safe zone (the central 66% diameter). Any artwork placed outside this safe zone risks being clipped by Samsung or Google launchers.
<!-- res/mipmap-anydpi-v26/ic_launcher.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<adaptive-icon xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<background android:drawable="@color/ic_launcher_background"/>
<foreground android:drawable="@mipmap/ic_launcher_foreground"/>
<monochrome android:drawable="@mipmap/ic_launcher_monochrome"/>
</adaptive-icon>